Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
The passage states that the decline of arctic deer population is the result of the global warming. This conclusion is built on the premisis that, as global warming leads to melting of the arctic ice, deers cannot move from one island to another by ice, so their migrational patterns are disrupted. However, this argument is rife with implicit assumptions, and additional evidence is necessary to evaluate the conclusion.
Firstly, while the passage presupposes that no factor other than the climate change is affecting the deer population, it is not nevessarily true. If the hunters hunt the deers at the higher rate than before, it might be a reason for lower population. Alternatively, human activity may lead to pollution, and polluted environment may affect the quality of the plants on which deers feed or cause diseases, thus, increasing mortality rates of the deers. More data on arctic deer hunting and pollution in the area is needed to evaluate if these atleranative explanations hold.
Secondly, it is assumed that the global warming has already affected the habitat of arctic deers. However, it may be the case that its effects are more pronounced in warmer regions and arctic deers are still able to travel from ome island to another by ice. That would indermine the reasoning presented in the passage as their migration is not disrupted and, consequently, the climate change cannot account for decline in the population. Additional information on ice melting in the region is needed to find out whether that the area is indeed affected by the global warming and whether ice doesn’t cover the distance between islands anymore.
Thirdly, there is a possibility that no decline in deer population occurred at all. The only piece of evidence on which this conclusion is based in the reports of local hunters. However, the hunters may easily make mistakes. Suppose, for example, that due to climate change deers migrated to north from the areas where hunters used to see them. If hunters, not wanting to go too far from home, didn’t increase the area they hunt at and didn’t follow the deers to the north, they may interpret the lower frequency of meeting a deer as the decrease in their population, which would be a mistake. Alternatively, hunters might have incentives to misreport the information on deers’ number. For example, they may hope that the threat of their extinction may lead to the higher financing of the wildlife support in the area, which would result in more animals around and easier hunting. Thus, it is recommended to conduct additional research to check the hunters’ claims and count precisely the arctic deer population.
To sum up, the argument has plenty of loopholes and a number of additional evidence needs to be examined before the conclusion is accepted as true. More data on deer hunting and envirnment pollution, deer population, and the way ice covers the distance between the islands has to be collcted in order to evaluate the validity of the argument.
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Comments
Essay evaluation report
argument 1 -- OK
argument 2 -- OK
argument 3 -- somehow duplicated to argument 1
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 21 15
No. of Words: 502 350
No. of Characters: 2438 1500
No. of Different Words: 220 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.733 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.857 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.608 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 184 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 140 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 84 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 53 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 23.905 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.456 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.762 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.312 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.512 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.058 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 253, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... move from one island to another by ice, so their migrational patterns are disrup...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
consequently, first, firstly, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, still, third, thirdly, thus, while, as to, for example, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 23.0 19.6327345309 117% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 14.0 12.9520958084 108% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 13.6137724551 110% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 28.8173652695 97% => OK
Preposition: 71.0 55.5748502994 128% => OK
Nominalization: 25.0 16.3942115768 152% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2530.0 2260.96107784 112% => OK
No of words: 499.0 441.139720559 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07014028056 5.12650576532 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.72634191566 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7725202844 2.78398813304 100% => OK
Unique words: 231.0 204.123752495 113% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.462925851703 0.468620217663 99% => OK
syllable_count: 804.6 705.55239521 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 11.0 4.96107784431 222% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 5.0 8.76447105788 57% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 21.0 19.7664670659 106% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.8473053892 101% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.4870478836 57.8364921388 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 120.476190476 119.503703932 101% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.7619047619 23.324526521 102% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.42857142857 5.70786347227 113% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 5.25449101796 19% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.274232422739 0.218282227539 126% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0785443416186 0.0743258471296 106% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0574790940475 0.0701772020484 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.154415093185 0.128457276422 120% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0533769898913 0.0628817314937 85% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 14.3799401198 99% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 48.3550499002 100% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 12.197005988 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.5979740519 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.7 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 124.0 98.500998004 126% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 12.3882235529 93% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 11.1389221557 101% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.9071856287 101% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.